Social networks around the Orońsko flint mining area (Central-Southern Poland) during the Late Palaeolithic

The first results of the SEM-EDS analysis of flints and pigments

Authors

  • Katarzyna Kerneder-Gubała Centre for Prehistoric Archaeology, Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Solidarności Alee 105, PL-00-140 Warsaw, Poland https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0559-9791
  • Julia Kościuk-Załupka Institute of Archaeology of the Jagiellonian University, Street Gołębia 11, PL-31-007 Cracow, Poland https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7584-795X
  • Dominik Gurba Polish Geological Institute – National Research Institute, Street Rakowiecka 4, PL-00-975 Warsaw, Poland https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7375-9283
  • Mateusz Słoniewski Bio- and Archaeometry Laboratory, Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Solidarności Alee 105, PL-00-140 Warsaw, Poland https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5097-4802

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35686/AR.2025.261

Keywords:

chocolate flint, pigment, ochre, mine, Palaeolithic, Orońsko, SEM-EDS

Abstract

Orońsko site 2 is a Palaeolithic shaft mine located in the area of chocolate flint deposits in Central-Southern Poland. This raw material was highly valued by Stone Age communities and widely distributed during the Late Palaeolithic. The mine is associated with the Arch-Backed Pieces (Federmesser) and Tanged Point Technocomplexes. This article aims to explore the connections between artefacts made of chocolate flint found at various Late Palaeolithic sites located outside the chocolate flint deposits (Całowanie and ochre quarry at Rydno) with the Orońsko mine and to investigate a possible connection between the ochre found in the Orońsko mining shaft with the Rydno quarry. Macroscopic and SEM-EDS analyses were conducted on selected samples of these raw materials and artefacts from the Orońsko mine, the Orońsko workshop, Rydno, and Całowanie, all of which can be chronologically linked to one another. The results suggest that some of the flint may have been transported from the Orońsko mining area to Rydno or Całowanie. However, the reverse transport of ochre from Rydno to Orońsko remains unclear and requires further research, including a broader range of analytical methods.

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Published

28-03-2025

How to Cite

Kerneder-Gubała, K., Kościuk-Załupka, J., Gurba, D., & Słoniewski, M. (2025). Social networks around the Orońsko flint mining area (Central-Southern Poland) during the Late Palaeolithic: The first results of the SEM-EDS analysis of flints and pigments. Archeologické Rozhledy, 77(1), 63–87. https://doi.org/10.35686/AR.2025.261

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