@article{Zavyalov_2018, title={Modelling of bloomery processes in a medieval Russian furnace}, volume={70}, url={https://archeologickerozhledy.cz/index.php/ar/article/view/91}, DOI={10.35686/AR.2018.24}, abstractNote={<p>A fully preserved 14th-century AD bloomery furnace was excavated in 2014 on the settlement of Kolesovka-4 (Russia, Tula district). This extraordinary find has been taken as a model for experimental work. The iron ore used came from the Loknya River, a metallurgical conglomerate used came from the archaeological site of Staraya Ryazan. The most successful result was achieved by using the conglomerate from Staraya Ryazan – three pieces of blooms were made, weighing about 1 kg, and consisting of soft iron and a large number of very coarse slag inclusions. These show a similar trace-element composition as the medieval bloom coming<br>from the same site. Experiments conducted have shown that the bloomery furnace uncovered at the Kolesovka-4 settlement is a rational pyrotechnological construction, allowing for a large number of smelting cycles.</p>}, number={3}, journal={Archeologické rozhledy}, author={Zavyalov, Vladimir}, year={2018}, month={Oct.}, pages={450–456} }